Idade Média |
Tempo intermédio (entre classicismo e renascimento) | Arte: temas religiosos
(ilustrações da Bíblia)
Renascimento |
(re)conquista do real | (re)descoberta do mundo, do homem, do conhecimento | da
visão teocêntrica para a imagem antropocêntrica do mundo (?)
Giorgio Vasari
-
“Vidas” ou “Le vite de' più
eccellenti pittori, scultori e architettori”, 1550 e 1568
“rinascità”: vitória em relação à Idade Média… afastamento da arte bizantina… reaproximação ao modelo natural… Giotto…
“rinascità”: vitória em relação à Idade Média… afastamento da arte bizantina… reaproximação ao modelo natural… Giotto…
Contraste
– clássico / medieval:
Nike,
Temple of Athena Nike, ca. 407 BC, Greece
Spring, 2nd century BC, Roman
The Annunciation, from a Swabian Gospel manuscript, ca. 1150
Spring, 2nd century BC, Roman
The Annunciation, from a Swabian Gospel manuscript, ca. 1150
Wall painting, Pompeii, c. 1st century BC
Manuscrito medieval
Manuscrito medieval
Portrait of a poetess (the poetess of Pompeii), c. 1st century, Pompeii
The Eadwine Psalter, Canterbury, England, ca. 1155–60, with additions 1160–70
The Eadwine Psalter, Canterbury, England, ca. 1155–60, with additions 1160–70
1 – Séc. XIV – Giotto
“O outro, Giotto de seu nome, tinha um espírito tão sublime que, entre todas as coisas que a mãe Natureza cria sob o céu, não há nenhuma que ele não tenha representado tão fielmente em grafite e à pena que a sua obra parecia ser não a imagem do objeto, mas o próprio objeto, de maneira que nas suas obras acontecia muitas vezes que a vista do homem se enganava e tinha por real o que não era senão pintado.”
Boccacio (1313-1375), Decameron
“O outro, Giotto de seu nome, tinha um espírito tão sublime que, entre todas as coisas que a mãe Natureza cria sob o céu, não há nenhuma que ele não tenha representado tão fielmente em grafite e à pena que a sua obra parecia ser não a imagem do objeto, mas o próprio objeto, de maneira que nas suas obras acontecia muitas vezes que a vista do homem se enganava e tinha por real o que não era senão pintado.”
Boccacio (1313-1375), Decameron
Artista
sai do anonimato – História de arte prende-se com história dos grandes artistas
Virgin
and Child, Sec XII, Interior
of Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
Cimabue, Madonna col Bambino, séc. XIII
Nicola Pisano, Annunciation – Birth of Jesus and Shepherds, 1260
Cimabue, Madonna col Bambino, séc. XIII
Nicola Pisano, Annunciation – Birth of Jesus and Shepherds, 1260
Esculturas
do portal, Catedral de Chartres (Gótico)
Giotto,
As sete virtudes, Justiça, 1306, fresco, Arena Chapel (Scrovegni Chapel), Padua
Giotto,
Arena Chapel (Scrovegni Chapel), Padua, 1303-05
Contraste com arte da idade média… verosimilhança da
imagem; modelação das figuras (claro/escuro); ilusão de profundidade…
encenação/teatralidade (como num palco)…
The Entombment of Christ, from a Psalter Manuscript from Bonmont, c. 1250-1300
Giotto, The Mourning of Christ, c. 1305, fresco, Arena Chapel (Scrovegni Chapel), Padua
Giotto, The Mourning of Christ, c. 1305, fresco, Arena Chapel (Scrovegni Chapel), Padua
Wall painting, Pompeii, 1st century BC
Giotto, Legend of Saint Francis, Exorcism of the Demons at Arezzo, fresco, 1297-1300
Giotto, Legend of Saint Francis, Exorcism of the Demons at Arezzo, fresco, 1297-1300
Manuscrito medieval
Christ as Ruler of the Universe, Virgin and Child and
saints, Cathedral of
Monreale, Sicily, c 1190
Giotto, O beijo de Judas, c. 1305, fresco
Giotto, O beijo de Judas, c. 1305, fresco
Coppo di Marcovaldo, Crucifixion, c 1250,
Pinacoteca, San Giminiano
Giotto, Crucifixion, 1304-06, fresco
Giotto, Crucifixion, 1304-06, fresco
Giotto, Annunciation to St Anne (mother of the
Virgin Mary), 1304-06, fresco, 200 x 185 cm,
Giotto, O nascimento da Virgem, c. 1305. Fresco
Giotto, O nascimento da Virgem, c. 1305. Fresco
2 – Séc. XV
Sul:
Paolo Uccello (c. 1397 – 1475)
Masaccio (1401 – 1428)
Piero della Francesca (1416 – 1492)
Sandro Botticelli (1445 – 1510)
Norte:
Jan van Eyck (c. 1390 – 1441)
Rogier van der Weyden (1400?-1464)
Sul:
Paolo Uccello (c. 1397 – 1475)
Masaccio (1401 – 1428)
Piero della Francesca (1416 – 1492)
Sandro Botticelli (1445 – 1510)
Norte:
Jan van Eyck (c. 1390 – 1441)
Rogier van der Weyden (1400?-1464)
Pré-renascimento… renascimento inicial (Early Renaissance)
Tomar
como modelo a antiguidade clássica; regresso ao modelo natural, representação
fidedigna das figuras; espaço/profundidade, uma janela para o mundo,
perspetiva; proporção; harmonia; novo público (cidades / burguesia /
aristocracia / Médici, Florença; Sforza, Milão; etc.) – novos temas: mitos e
lendas da antiguidade, cenas históricas, retrato, paisagem…
Giotto,
The Mourning of Christ, c. 1305, fresco, Arena Chapel (Scrovegni
Chapel), Padua
Masaccio, The Tribute Money, 1427, fresco, 2,5 x 6 m, Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence
“O ofício do pintor é este, descrever com linhas e pintar com cores, em qualquer quadro ou parede, […] superfícies vistas de qualquer corpo, os quais, a uma certa distância e em uma certa posição do centro, parecem estar em relevo e ter muita semelhança com os corpos. […] Tomemos da natureza […] as coisas que devemos pintar e seleccionemos […] o que nela houver de mais belo.”
Leon Battista Alberti (1401-1472), Da Pintura, 1435
Masaccio, The Tribute Money, 1427, fresco, 2,5 x 6 m, Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence
“O ofício do pintor é este, descrever com linhas e pintar com cores, em qualquer quadro ou parede, […] superfícies vistas de qualquer corpo, os quais, a uma certa distância e em uma certa posição do centro, parecem estar em relevo e ter muita semelhança com os corpos. […] Tomemos da natureza […] as coisas que devemos pintar e seleccionemos […] o que nela houver de mais belo.”
Leon Battista Alberti (1401-1472), Da Pintura, 1435
Filippo
Brunelleschi | Perspetiva…
The first known paintings in geometric optical linear perspective were made by Brunelleschi about 1425. The Baptistery panel was constructed with a hole drilled through the centric vanishing point. Brunelleschi intended that it only be observed by the viewer holding the unpainted back of the picture against his/her eye with one hand, and a mirror in the other hand facing and reflecting the painted side.
The first known paintings in geometric optical linear perspective were made by Brunelleschi about 1425. The Baptistery panel was constructed with a hole drilled through the centric vanishing point. Brunelleschi intended that it only be observed by the viewer holding the unpainted back of the picture against his/her eye with one hand, and a mirror in the other hand facing and reflecting the painted side.
"To make clear my exposition in writing this
brief commentary on painting, I will take first from the mathematicians those
things with which my subject is concerned." Alberti, Della pittura
(On Painting), 1435
Limbourg brothers, Les Tres Riches Heures du duc de Berry, c.1399-1416, detail
Masaccio,
Trinity, 1427, fresco,
667 x 317 cm, Santa Maria Novella, Florence
Solenidade,
grandiosidade dramática… figuras maciças, escultóricas; formas sólidas,
angulosas… afastamento da graciosidade do gótico internacional… retrato
(doadores)…
Sul / Norte
Perspetiva cónica (sul) / Perspetiva intuitiva (norte)
Figuras: corpos reais vestidos (sul) / Prioridade ao detalhe – Detailrealismus (norte)
Pormenores subordinados à totalidade (sul) / grandes formas ditadas pela acumulação de pormenores (norte)
Idealização – dimensão intelectual (sul) / Individualização – sentimento (norte)
Perspetiva cónica (sul) / Perspetiva intuitiva (norte)
Figuras: corpos reais vestidos (sul) / Prioridade ao detalhe – Detailrealismus (norte)
Pormenores subordinados à totalidade (sul) / grandes formas ditadas pela acumulação de pormenores (norte)
Idealização – dimensão intelectual (sul) / Individualização – sentimento (norte)
Masaccio (1401-1428), Trinity, 1427, fresco, 667 x 317 cm
Rogier van der Weyden (1400?-1464), Seven Sacraments Altar Piece, c. 1445-50, oil on wood, 200 x 97 cm
Rogier van der Weyden (1400?-1464), Seven Sacraments Altar Piece, c. 1445-50, oil on wood, 200 x 97 cm
Procura
do real – sacrifício dos maneirismos do estilo internacional (gótico)
Fresco
/ tempera / pintura a óleo
Masaccio, Tribute Money - detail, 1427, fresco
Jan
Van Eyck, The Arnolfini Marriage (O casamento dos Arnolfini), 1434, óleo
sobre painel de madeira, 81 x 59 cm
“Johannes
de eyck fuit hic. 1434” (Jan van Eyck was here. 1434)
Retrato – Cena de género (Interior) – pintor testemunha (pintura documental?)
Retrato – Cena de género (Interior) – pintor testemunha (pintura documental?)
Retrato (influência da medalhística?)… paisagem…
Piero della Francesca, Double Portrait of the Dukes of Urbino, 1465, 47 x 33 cm each Piero della
Piero
della Francesca, A Flagelação,
c. 1460
Geometry of the Flagellation
Piero della Francesca, The Baptism of Christ, 1440-45
Geometry of the Flagellation
Piero della Francesca, The Baptism of Christ, 1440-45
“A pintura compreende três partes principais, que nós chamamos desenho,
proporção e cores. Por desenho, entendemos os traçados e contornos que comporta
a coisa. Chamamos proporção à colocação desses traçados e contornos
proporcionalmente à sua localização. Pela cor entendemos a aplicação das cores
tal como elas se mostram nas coisas, claras ou escuras, seguindo as variações
devidas à luz.”
Piero della Francesca, c. 1480.
Piero della Francesca, c. 1480.
Giotto,
Last Jugment - Hell, c.1305, detail
Limbourg brothers, Les Tres Riches Heures du duc de Berry, Avril, c. 1399-1416, detail
Botticelli, O nascimento de Vénus, c. 1485, têmpera s/ tela, 173 x 279 cm
Mitos e lendas da antiguidade (verdades profundas e misteriosas?); Vénus – nudez, personificação da beleza e amor; acentuação; distorção; graciosidade, dinamismo, reaproximação ao estilo (linear) do gótico internacional (em contraposição às figuras maciças, escultóricas, de Masaccio)...
Limbourg brothers, Les Tres Riches Heures du duc de Berry, Avril, c. 1399-1416, detail
Botticelli, O nascimento de Vénus, c. 1485, têmpera s/ tela, 173 x 279 cm
Mitos e lendas da antiguidade (verdades profundas e misteriosas?); Vénus – nudez, personificação da beleza e amor; acentuação; distorção; graciosidade, dinamismo, reaproximação ao estilo (linear) do gótico internacional (em contraposição às figuras maciças, escultóricas, de Masaccio)...
Uccello, The Battle of San Romano, c. 1440, tempera on wood, 182 × 320 cm
…an episode from Florentine history, still topical when the picture was painted, the rout of San Romano in 1932, when the Florentine troops beat their enemies...
…an episode from Florentine history, still topical when the picture was painted, the rout of San Romano in 1932, when the Florentine troops beat their enemies...
Konrad Witz, The Miraculous Drought of Fishes,
1444, tempera on wood
One of the first-ever instances in which an artist tried to show an actual place in its topographical accuracy, a place familiar to the people who lived along Lake Geneva in Switzerland in the mid-15th century.
One of the first-ever instances in which an artist tried to show an actual place in its topographical accuracy, a place familiar to the people who lived along Lake Geneva in Switzerland in the mid-15th century.
3 – Séc.
XVI
Sul:
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Miguel Ângelo (1475-1564)
Giorgione (c. 1477 – 1510)
Rafael (1483 – 1520)
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Miguel Ângelo (1475-1564)
Giorgione (c. 1477 – 1510)
Rafael (1483 – 1520)
Norte:
Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450 - 1516)
Grunewald (1470 – 1528)
Albrecht Dürer (1471 – 1528)
Altdorfer (1480 – 1538)
Alto renascimento (High Renaissance); arte clássica; cientificidade, observação da natureza, razão, proporção, harmonia; ... equilíbrio entre conceitos opostos e/ou complementares (real/ideal; profano/sagrado; equilíbrio/dinamismo; liberdade/regra; espaço/superfície; linha/cor...)
Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450 - 1516)
Grunewald (1470 – 1528)
Albrecht Dürer (1471 – 1528)
Altdorfer (1480 – 1538)
Alto renascimento (High Renaissance); arte clássica; cientificidade, observação da natureza, razão, proporção, harmonia; ... equilíbrio entre conceitos opostos e/ou complementares (real/ideal; profano/sagrado; equilíbrio/dinamismo; liberdade/regra; espaço/superfície; linha/cor...)
Leonardo’s The Vitruvian
Man is based on the correlations of ideal human proportions with
geometry described by the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius in Book III of his
treatise De Architectura.
“Pois
não há nenhum edifício que, sem proporção nem relação, possa ser bem ordenado;
ele deve ter a maior analogia possível com o corpo humano bem formado. Ora eis
as proporções que lhes deu a natureza: o rosto, do queixo até ao alto da fronte
[…] é a décima parte da altura do homem; a palma da mão, desde a articulação do
pulso até à ponta do dedo do meio, tem o mesmo comprimento;…” Vitrúvio
Proporção / Humanismo / Antropocentrismo?
Aproximação Norte/Sul – viagens de Dürer a Itália
(1494 e 1506-07)
Leonardo
(1452-1519), Vitruvian Man, c. 1487
Dürer, Adam and Eve, 1504, engraving, 25 x 20cm
Le Corbusier, Modulor, c. 1943
“E
Deus criou o homem à sua imagem…” Génesis, I, 27
homem: corpo real/ideal… um Deus humanizado?...
equilíbrio/dinamismo…
Michelangelo (1475-1564), Creation-Adam, c. 1510, fresco, Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo, desenho preparatório para Adão, c. 1510
homem: corpo real/ideal… um Deus humanizado?...
equilíbrio/dinamismo…
Michelangelo (1475-1564), Creation-Adam, c. 1510, fresco, Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo, desenho preparatório para Adão, c. 1510
Miguel
Ângelo (1475-1564), tecto da capela Sistina, c. 1510
Definir e explodir o alto renascimento?... multi-perspectiva… elementos profanos e sagrados… equilíbrio/dinamismo … unidade/contraste… liberdade/regra… (trompe l’oeil…)
Definir e explodir o alto renascimento?... multi-perspectiva… elementos profanos e sagrados… equilíbrio/dinamismo … unidade/contraste… liberdade/regra… (trompe l’oeil…)
Sistine Chapel – While much of its symbolism dates
from the early church, the ceiling also has elements that express the
specifically Renaissance thinking which sought to reconcile Christian theology
with the philosophy of Humanism. While the Church emphasized humanity as
essentially sinful and flawed, Humanism emphasized humanity as potentially
noble and beautiful. In the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo
presented both Catholic and Humanist elements in a way that does not appear
visually conflicting. The inclusion of "non-biblical" figures such as
the Sibyls [prophetic priestess -
sacerdotisa profética] is consistent with the rationalizing of Humanist and
Christian thought of the Renaissance.
Observação : anatomia (dissecação), natureza… ciência… engenharia militar…
Leonardo
da Vinci (1452-1519), desenhos
Leonardo (1452-1519), A Star of Bethlehem and Other
Plants, c. 1505, red chalk, pen and ink, 19,8 x 16 cm
Dürer (1471-1528), Young Hare, 1502, watercolor on paper, 25,1 x 22,6 cm
Dürer (1471-1528), Young Hare, 1502, watercolor on paper, 25,1 x 22,6 cm
Dürer,
auto-retratos com aprox. 13, 22 e 26 anos.
Dürer, Self-Portrait in the Nude, c. 1507
Dürer, Auto-retrato, 1500, óleo sobre tela.
Dürer, Self-Portrait in the Nude, c. 1507
Dürer, Auto-retrato, 1500, óleo sobre tela.
Ghirlandaio, Last Supper, c.1486, fresco, 400 x
800 cm
Leonardo da Vinci, Last Supper, 1495-1498, fresco, 460 x 880 cm
There was drama in it, and excitement. Leonardo […] had gone back to the text of the Scriptures, and had striven to visualize what it must have been like when Christ said, ' "Verily I say unto you, that one of you shall betray me", and they were exceeding sorrowful and began every one of them to say unto him "Lord, is it I?'" (Matthew xxvi. 21-2). E. Gombrich, The Story of Art
Leonardo da Vinci, Last Supper, 1495-1498, fresco, 460 x 880 cm
There was drama in it, and excitement. Leonardo […] had gone back to the text of the Scriptures, and had striven to visualize what it must have been like when Christ said, ' "Verily I say unto you, that one of you shall betray me", and they were exceeding sorrowful and began every one of them to say unto him "Lord, is it I?'" (Matthew xxvi. 21-2). E. Gombrich, The Story of Art
Sfumato – subtle gradations, without lines or
borders, from light to dark areas; the technique was used for a highly
illusionistic rendering of facial features and for atmospheric effects.
Perspetiva
Atmosférica – “… e se em pintura se quiser
representar um edifício mais remoto do que outro é preciso fazer a atmosfera de
algum modo mais densa. Sabe-se que numa atmosfera de igual densidade as coisas mais
remotas vistas através dela, como montanhas, em consequência da grande
quantidade de atmosfera entre os olhos e elas, parecerão mais azuis e quase do
mesmo tom que a própria atmosfera.” Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), The Virgin of the Rocks, 1503-06, oil on panel, 189,5 x 120 cm
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), The Virgin of the Rocks, 1503-06, oil on panel, 189,5 x 120 cm
Raphael, The Granduca Madonna, 1504, oil on
wood, 84 x 55 cm
Raphael, Madonna of Belvedere, 1506, oil on wood, 113 x 88 cm
Raphael’s Madonna and child “served as a standard of perfection in the same way as the work of Pheidias or Praxiteles has”. E. Gombrich, The Story of Art.
Raphael, Madonna of Belvedere, 1506, oil on wood, 113 x 88 cm
Raphael’s Madonna and child “served as a standard of perfection in the same way as the work of Pheidias or Praxiteles has”. E. Gombrich, The Story of Art.
Bellini (c. 1430-1516), The Madonna of the Meadow,
1505, oil on canvas
Autonomização da paisagem
Giorgione, The Tempest, 1508, oil on canvas, 83 x 73 cm / Altdorfer, Landscape, c.1532, 30 x 22 cm
Giorgione, The Tempest, 1508, oil on canvas, 83 x 73 cm / Altdorfer, Landscape, c.1532, 30 x 22 cm
Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450 - 1516), As Tentações de
Santo Antão (painel central), c. 1505, óleo sobre madeira, 131,5 x 119 cm, Museu
Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisboa
It is generally accepted that Bosch’s art was created to teach specific moral and spiritual truths in the manner of other Northern Renaissance figures, and that the images rendered have precise and premeditated significance.
It is generally accepted that Bosch’s art was created to teach specific moral and spiritual truths in the manner of other Northern Renaissance figures, and that the images rendered have precise and premeditated significance.
Norte – herança do gótico,
desproporção, intensidade dramática…
Grünewald,
A Crucificação, retábulo de Isenheim, c. 1516, óleo sobre madeira, 269 x
307 cm
Sul – proporção, equilíbrio, harmonia…
Sul – proporção, equilíbrio, harmonia…
Rafael,
Crucificação, 1502-03, óleo sobre madeira, 283,5 x 167,3 cm
Titian (c. 1488? – 1576), Christ Crowned with
Thorns, c. 1570, oil on canvas, 280 x 182 cm
Botticelli, O nascimento de Vénus, c.1485,
têmpera sobre tela, 173 x 279 cm
Giorgione, Sleeping Venus, c. 1508-1510, oil on canvas, 108 x 175 cm
Ticiano, Vénus de Urbino, 1538, óleo sobre tela, 120 x 165 cm
The Sleeping Venus, also known as the Dresden Venus, is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Giorgione, with, it is now generally accepted, the landscape and sky, by Titian, completed after Giorgione's death in 1510.
Giorgione, Sleeping Venus, c. 1508-1510, oil on canvas, 108 x 175 cm
Ticiano, Vénus de Urbino, 1538, óleo sobre tela, 120 x 165 cm
The Sleeping Venus, also known as the Dresden Venus, is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Giorgione, with, it is now generally accepted, the landscape and sky, by Titian, completed after Giorgione's death in 1510.
Epílogo
Ticiano, Vénus de Urbino, 1538
Valie Export, Action Pants - Genital Panic, 1969
In her 1968 performance Action Pants: Genital Panic, Valie Export entered an art cinema in Munich, wearing crotchless pants, and walked around the audience with her exposed genitalia at face level. The associated photographs were taken in 1969 in Vienna, by photographer Peter Hassmann. The performance at the art cinema and the photographs in 1969 were both aimed toward provoking thought about the passive role of women in cinema and confrontation of the private nature of sexuality with the public venues of her performances. In Valie Export's performance, the female body is not packaged and sold by male directors and producers, but is controlled and offered freely by the woman herself, in defiance of social rules and state precepts.
Valie Export, Action Pants - Genital Panic, 1969
In her 1968 performance Action Pants: Genital Panic, Valie Export entered an art cinema in Munich, wearing crotchless pants, and walked around the audience with her exposed genitalia at face level. The associated photographs were taken in 1969 in Vienna, by photographer Peter Hassmann. The performance at the art cinema and the photographs in 1969 were both aimed toward provoking thought about the passive role of women in cinema and confrontation of the private nature of sexuality with the public venues of her performances. In Valie Export's performance, the female body is not packaged and sold by male directors and producers, but is controlled and offered freely by the woman herself, in defiance of social rules and state precepts.
Botticelli,
O nascimento de Vénus, c. 1485
Mariko Mori, Pureland, c. 1998
Mariko Mori, Pureland, c. 1998
Albrecht Dürer, Self-Portrait
in the Nude, c 1507, 29,2 x 15,4 cm
John Coplans, Self Portrait (Frieze No 5, Two Panels), 1994, silver print photograph, 191 x 158 cm (fragment)
John Coplans, Self Portrait (Frieze No 5, Two Panels), 1994, silver print photograph, 191 x 158 cm (fragment)
Durer,
Self-Portrait , 1500
Chuck Close, Auto retrato grande, 1968, acrílico sobre tela, 274 x 212 cm
Chuck Close, Auto retrato grande, 1968, acrílico sobre tela, 274 x 212 cm
Ron
Mueck, Mask II, 2001-02
Mark
Quinn, Self, 1991, sangue, aparelho de refrigeração, etc, 208 x 63 x 63
cm
Tracey
Emin, My Bed, 1998, colchão ,almofadas, lençóis, objectos, 79 x 211 x
234 cm
Wim
Delvoye, Cloaca-machine
Giotto
Katharina Grosse
Katharina Grosse
Giotto, Annunciation to St Anne, 1304-06, fresco,
200 x 185 cm
Bill Viola, Going forth by Day - The Voyage, 2002, video
Giotto is present in The Voyage, a panel depicting the cutaway interior of a house in which an old man is dying, with his son and daughter-in-law at his bedside. The house sits on a hill overlooking a serene lake. At the water's edge, the old man's possessions are being loaded on to a boat. His wife, who has died before him, waits for her husband by the boat. Towards the end of the sequence, the two of them sail away across the still waters. […] Just as the dead husband and wife's boat moves across the lake, and the mother and rescue workers have fallen asleep, a male figure rises miraculously from the pool. The image is daring and yet somehow escapes the kitsch of so much religious iconography, not least because of the way it resonates with the other images in the installation.
Bill Viola, Going forth by Day - The Voyage, 2002, video
Giotto is present in The Voyage, a panel depicting the cutaway interior of a house in which an old man is dying, with his son and daughter-in-law at his bedside. The house sits on a hill overlooking a serene lake. At the water's edge, the old man's possessions are being loaded on to a boat. His wife, who has died before him, waits for her husband by the boat. Towards the end of the sequence, the two of them sail away across the still waters. […] Just as the dead husband and wife's boat moves across the lake, and the mother and rescue workers have fallen asleep, a male figure rises miraculously from the pool. The image is daring and yet somehow escapes the kitsch of so much religious iconography, not least because of the way it resonates with the other images in the installation.
Piero della Francesca, O Baptismo de Cristo,
1448-50, 167 x 116 cm
Victor Willing, Place With a Red Thing, 1980, oil on canvas, 200 x 250 cm
Victor Willing, Place With a Red Thing, 1980, oil on canvas, 200 x 250 cm
Piero della Francesca, A Flagelação, c. 1460
Geometry of the Flagellation
Sol LeWitt, 122 Variations of Incomplete Open Cubes, 1974, (20,3 x 20,3 x 20,3 cm each)
Geometry of the Flagellation
Sol LeWitt, 122 Variations of Incomplete Open Cubes, 1974, (20,3 x 20,3 x 20,3 cm each)
Jonathan Wateridge, The Architect's House,
2009, oil on canvas, 282 x 400 cm
Bosch,
As tentações de Santo Antão, painel central, fragmento, c. 1505
Max Ernst, O elefante Celebes, 1921, óleo sobre tela
Max Ernst, O elefante Celebes, 1921, óleo sobre tela
Matthew Barney, Cremaster 3, 2002, vídeo
Bosch,The Garden of Earthly Delights, c. 1500, detail
Bosch,The Garden of Earthly Delights, c. 1500, detail
Pietá, c. 1330, aprox. 85 cm
Emil Nolde, Crucifixion, 1912, oil on canvas
Emil Nolde, Crucifixion, 1912, oil on canvas
Grünewald,
A Crucificação, retábulo de Isenheim, c. 1516, óleo sobre madeira, 269 x 307 cm
Nobuyoshi Araki, Kinbaku 57, fotografia p/b
“Meeting a woman anywhere teaches you more about the world than reading Balzac. Whether it be a wife, a woman encountered by happenstance, or a prostitute, she will teach you about the world. […] I think that all the attractions in life are implied in women. There are many essential elements: beauty, disgust, obscenity, purity…” Nobuyoshi Araki, 2008
“Meeting a woman anywhere teaches you more about the world than reading Balzac. Whether it be a wife, a woman encountered by happenstance, or a prostitute, she will teach you about the world. […] I think that all the attractions in life are implied in women. There are many essential elements: beauty, disgust, obscenity, purity…” Nobuyoshi Araki, 2008
Jimmie Durham, St. Frigo, 1996
Jimmie Durham, making St. Frigo, 1996
St. Frigo is the “opposite of a sculpture. It took nine or ten days. Every morning I threw stones at the refrigerator. It was as if I were just going to work. You leave home early in the morning and throw cobblestones at the fridge, until you’ve changed its shape … Instead of carving a sculpture out of the stone with tools, I wanted to use the stone itself as a tool. Not to create a new form, but to change an already existing object.” Jimmie Durham
Jimmie Durham, making St. Frigo, 1996
St. Frigo is the “opposite of a sculpture. It took nine or ten days. Every morning I threw stones at the refrigerator. It was as if I were just going to work. You leave home early in the morning and throw cobblestones at the fridge, until you’ve changed its shape … Instead of carving a sculpture out of the stone with tools, I wanted to use the stone itself as a tool. Not to create a new form, but to change an already existing object.” Jimmie Durham
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